No, my UK passport has not been lost.
No, my passport has not been lost during my recent travels.
If your passport has been stolen, you won't be able to travel.
Someone with UK passport
The fastest track for passport application is a rush passport for emergencies. They can process it as short as 24 hours after the application. Although, this option is very expensive.
No, it has to be a doctor, not a midwife. However, there have been changes and now a member of most professions including midwifery may sign if they are a UK passport holder themselves.
The reissue fee for a lost passport is 110.
Really, yes you Can
If it's operations are anything like Austria's, you should contact the Romanian consulate general or embassy in London. I was able to get an Austrian passport in Canada this way.
Yes you do, even the travel to Ireland from the UK has now been restricted to passport holders only.
Yes, you can get a temporary passport if you have lost your original one.
Yes, it is legal. The passport office itself does this when a British Citizen living outside the UK renews their passport. The new passport is produced in and sent from the UK. Note that different procedures and different forms are needed fro renewing a passport outside the UK to renewing one in the UK. It also costs nearly twice as much to renew a passport if you live outside the UK.
A British passport holder doesn't necessarily have the right to live and work in the UK.