no you will always (out of rotc) start in any branch as a 2nd lieutenant
You can join JROTC.
If you are a graduate of ROTC program during college, you are already a reservist you just did not know it, all you need to do is to reactivate your status into an active reserve. Now, if you are a non-ROTC graduate you can join by enrolling BCMT (Basic Citizen Military Training) course which is an equivalent to ROTC.
No, not at all.
Yes, it is still possible to join the ROTC. Before doing so, you need to think about your child and who will be caring for them.
Yes.
College ROTC commissions Reserve, National Guard, and Active Duty officers. You may choose which one you want.
Yes, but you'll need a doctor's letter.
Yes
No, all ROTC programs at US colleges are for US citizens or permanent residents only. Even if you have family that live in the US you can't join unless you are one of the above. Reason: You have to be a US citizen or immigrant to serve in the US military. Most of the people that join ROTC get substantial financial aid through the program that is only available to American students. Also you are a commissioned officer once you leave and that is pretty much useless to your home countries military. HOWEVER: You can join for the first 2 years if you are a freshman, if you achieve immigration status by then you can continue on with the last 2 years.
Yes it either moticates them to join the military, go to college and join the rotc, or just graduate.
You'll need a haircut when you first join.