Generally board members own units. Rarely, especially during the early years of an association, the developer may include board members who are not owners or residents.
Read your governing documents to determine board membership criteria.
It is rare that an HOA will elect a non-owner to its board, although it is not unheard of.
Your governing documents detail the process you can follow to elect a new board.
Sometimes a non-owner -- usually not a tenant -- can be hired as a member of the board, under the corporate guidelines that govern the association under state law. For example: a non-profit corporation's board composition. The percentage of membership on the board that fits into this category could be limited -- for example, to less than 50% -- again by state law. Your association attorney can help you clarify this possibility and counsel you as to its advantages, limitations or restrictions.
Your governing documents contain the answer you seek. There is no standard.
Best practices dictate that you notify the board in writing of the rules being violated, and include your evidence -- an affidavit or a photo -- and request that the board enforce the rules.
Your governing documents hold the answer to your question. You can also contact your board and request an answer from the board. Finally, your insurance agent can work with the association's agent, to determine the coverage and policy you need.
There is no standard. Read your governing documents -- usually the By-Laws, but check the CC&Rs to be thorough -- to read what qualifications are necessary to serve on the board.
Without a state listing, this will be a tough question to answer. You can ask anyone on the board of this association, or any property owner, who should have or be able to get that information for you.
No. An association's board of directors can make it difficult for someone to 'walk away' from a unit, by implementing fines and making them personal debts, and so forth. There is no situation during which an association can 'keep someone from moving out'.
Yes. Gather your evidence and present it to a local, common interest community-savvy attorney, who is best equipped to advise you in your particular situation.
Are the Board of Directors of a homeowners association prevented from revealing to the homeowners, at the annual homeowners meeting, legal action taken against a homeowner in violation of covenants.
It is probably good that a property manager be involved as they have a different perspective than everybody else. They may be biased toward certain things but everyone else would balance them out.
The governing documents detail the power and authority of the board, and generally, yes, do represent owners. A common interest community-savvy attorney can answer your specific question.