It depends on the context.
If your question is referring to the House of Representatives, then it is because the House's representatives are determined by population of a state.
If you are referring to the U.S. government (as opposed to a specific state's government) there are two possible answers. There are several states that have only 1 representative in the House. More generally, Senators represent a whole state.
No more than you'd capitalize 'human'.
Not necessarily. Capital is a more broad term, just referring to the capital of any place. It could be a country, state, province, organization, etc. State capital is more specific, referring to the capital of a state.
Please be more specific as to what state you are referring to.
because some states have more people
It seems there might be a typo or confusion in your question. If you're referring to what Europeans call the "United States," they typically use terms like "the US," "America," or "the States." If you meant to ask about a specific state within the US, please clarify, and I can provide a more accurate response!
Because they have more people that were born in the United States living there. You can't vote if you weren't born in the United States. Because they have more people that were born in the United States living there. You can't vote if you weren't born in the United States. The larger state probably has more people that was not born in that state than the smaller state that has born citizens so that's why its more electoral than the larger state.
no or at least not any more than i capitalize the word sentence in a paragraph
Missouri and Tennessee
I believe it's more like Mom and my mom. When you are directly referring the person it would be capitalized. For example: "I said hi to Mom today." "I said hi to your mom today." If you're referring to the literal person named "Mom" it would be considered a proper noun, you're name for that particular person is "Mom". Same for the word "pharaoh". "I asked Pharaoh about the famine." "Should I ask the pharaoh about the famine?" "Pharaoh" is a title, not unlike "captain" or "commander". If you were to say: "I asked the captain why the boat was headed for the iceberg", you wouldn't capitalize "captain". If you said "I asked Captain Smith why the boat was headed for the iceberg", you would capitalize "Captain". On the other hand (and this is where it gets sticky), if your audience knows that you are referring to a specific person with a specific title (the Queen, for example, meaning Queen Elizabeth II), then I would capitalize it. If you're just referring to any old queen in a generic sense, you wouldn't capitalize it.
maybe it's when you put the word in the sentence first. Papacy is a noun but it is not a title given to a person like "President". well, it's much more the same like "the presidency."