This is part of the US constitution.
In the United States Congress is the only authority provided by the Constitution that can approve an Official Declaration of War that would then be subsequently signed by the President.
it provided the framework for popular sovereignty
Congress makes the rules to admit a new state into the Union of the United States. This is a power that is provided by the US Constitution.
The US Constitution states that Congress has the ability to organize a national army to protect the people and lands of the United States. This is a power that was not provided to Congress through the Articles of Confederation.
The constitution does not mention a cabinet nor give any details about how the executive department should be organized. Congress has the power to create or abolish cabinet positions.
The power to coin money is an expressed power. This is a power that is provided to Congress in Article 1, Section 8 of the US Constitution.
Since the Constitution places the power and responsibility for passage of legislation with the Congress, passing a law is more an example of the basic function of the legislative branch than an example of checks and balances. However, it could become an example of checks and balances if Congress passes a law, the President vetoes it, and Congress then overrides the President's veto as provided in the Constitution.
The Constitution established only one court, the Supreme Court. Article III, Section 1 provided that Congress would establish all the other federal courts as needed.
No. In the U.S., the Constitution places all authority for borrowing and spending in the hands of Congress. The Constitution does not place a limit on the amount that the country may borrow. Because it was inconvenient for Congress to get involved every time the Treasury needed to issue a security, Congress passed a law in 1917 which allows the Executive Branch, specifically the U.S. Treasury, to borrow money as necessary, provided that the total amount borrowed remains within a limit set by Congress. Currently (July 2011), that limit is set at $14.3 trillion.
Under the U.S. Constitution and the Separation of Powers protections a President is compelled to appear and testify before Congress when instructed to do so. The first job of the President is to enforce the law and the Constitution states that the law is whatever Congress declares it to be. Therefore, for a President to not appear and testify before Congress would be a failure to execute his duties and a violation of the Separation of Powers rule.
The purchase doubled the size of the United States, greatly strengthened the country materially and strategically, provided a powerful impetus to westward expansion, and confirmed the doctrine of implied powers of the federal Constitution.