"Shabbat" is the usual spelling in English of the Hebrew word for sabbath.
שפרה.
This phrase is meaningless. Shabbat means the Sabbath, but the word shamah doesn't fit. Depending on how you spell it, it could mean: שבת שמע = Shabbat he heard שבת שמה = Shabbat is over there
That is the correct spelling of the proper noun Shabbos (also Shabbat), the Sabbath or day of rest.
They prepare their children for Shabbat and light the Shabbat candles.
"Shabbat Shalom!"
They're called Shabbat candles (Neirot Shabbat in Hebrew).
After Shabbat, there is the Havdalah service.
Shabbat Shabbatot
Shabbat comes from the Hebrew word for sit/rest. Shabbat is the day of rest.
Shabbat Shalom (שבת שלום).Note: This means 'A peaceful shabbat'. The phrase "happy shabbat" is not a phrase that is traditionally used.
Shabbat shalom is a Jewish greeting which we say during the day of Shabbat. See also:More about the Jewish Shabbat
There is no issue with swimming during Shabbat, however, you wouldn't be able to shower after swimming until Shabbat ends. (Assuming you wish to be Shabbat observant.)