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Answer:Accounting principles such as the realization principle and the matching principle determine how net income needs to be calculated. That means that expenses do not need to be the same as a cash outflow (and revenues are not always the same as a cash inflow).

Examples

When a company sells products/services on account, a sale is recognized at the time of delivery. At this point, net income increases but there is not (yet) cash received.

When a trading company pays for merchandise, cash is spent, but the matching principle will treat this cash outflow as an asset. The merchandise is to be sold at a future profit, so it is considered to have value. Hence, cash has been paid, but no expenses were booked.

Another example would be investments. If a company spends cash on a new machine, the machine is treated as an asset (resulting in future depreciation), but cash is reduced.

One more example is repayment of a loan. Loan payments consist of a principal portion and an interest portion. Only the interest portion is considered an expense (for calculation of net income), but the entire amount that you paid will affect cash flow.

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