There are a lot of variables here. You may only spend your two weeks of Annual Training away from your family each year, or you may end up being activated and deployed. It all depends on several factors, such as your unit, your MOS, etc.
There are actually two National Guards, but when people say the National Guard they are probably (but not necessarily) talking about the Army National Guard. The other National Guard is the Air National Guard which is to the Air Force what the Army National Guard is to the Army.
No. There is only an Army National Guard and an Air National Guard.
There is the Army National Guard and the Air National Guard.
Yes. Each state has National Guard units.
National Guard
No the National Guard does not have submarines. The National Guard is primarily a ground fighting organization. The Air National Guard does provide for air support within the US.
The National Guard and Air National Guard can be (and have been) deployed. The Puerto Rico State Guard cannot.
It wouldn't come own to one single name. When National Guard units are activated and deployed, whole units are deployed, and these will often be activated as attachments to Regular Army units. The National Guard has been involved in OIF since it kicked off, and several National Guard units were called up simultaneously.
It'll depend on how recent it was usually, but a misdemeanor marijuana charge probably won't keep you out of the Guard. I've known people who've gone active duty and have gotten security clearances with a weed charge on their record. The person who can give you a definitive answer, is the National Guard recruiter.
yes There are actually 2 types of national guards. There is the Air National Guard which is part of the Air Force and the Army National Guard which is part of the Army. Then there is the State Guard which certain states have and work closely with the army national guard.
Bear in mind that the National Guard comprises both the Army National Guard and Air National Guard. The major subordinate commands of the Texas Army National Guard and Air National Guard are listed in the corresponding Wikipedia articles for each, which you can access by clicking the related links at the bottom.
The National Guard has SEVERAL Colonels.