How were the US Senators elected during James Madison's time?

Answer 1

US Senators were delegated by the legislatures of the state they represented. Their function was to represent the states' interests in the US Congress.

Answer 2

During James Madison's time, United States Senators were not directly elected by the people. Instead, they were chosen by state legislatures. Each state legislature would appoint or elect its own senators, typically through a vote of the legislators. This system was in place until the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified in 1913, which established the direct election of senators by the general public.