I am terrible at writing but here is my brief description of each.
S-1 handles your paperwork such as leaves, passes, awards, etc.
S-2 is the Intel guys/girls
S-3 is operations
S-4 is the supply people
S-5 is civil affairs
S-6 is your technology people (radios/computer repair)
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S1-4 in the US Army deal with specific duties; these are:
S-1, Personnel: processes awards, solves problems with pay, requests new troops for assignment, and addresses issues under UCMJ (Uniform Code of Military Justice). The officer in charge of S-1 is called the Adjutant.
S-2, Intelligence: collects data on enemy movement, strengths, and battlefield deployments, and makes recommendations for command. The S-2 office also handles security clearances, maintains the battalion/brigade's Signal Operating Instructions and radio codes, and usually maintain's the battalion's map collection.
S-3, Trainng and Operations: S3 has different missions in war and peace times. During peacetime, S3 schedules and monitors training within the unit and for subordinate units. For tactical operations, S3 plans all movements and deployments. S-3 is also responsible for ammunition supply.
S-4, Supply (or Logistics): As implied by the name, Supply is the clearing house for all military materials. They handle requests for new supplies and replacement equipment, keep unit property books, and plan logistical movement of equipment. S-4 has no responsibility for ammunition supply.
S-1 is personnel
s-2 is security or MI
s-3 is Command, training, CBRN and tasking
s-4 is supply
-also-
s-6 is Commo support