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The US Supreme Court ordered desegregation with "all deliberate speed" in the Brown II case, in 1955.


Explanation

The US Supreme Court first declared segregation in public education unconstitutional in 1954, in the consolidated cases heard under the caption Brown v. Board of Education, 347 US 483 (1954). This overturned the decision in Plessy v. Ferguson,(1896), that allowed "separate but equal" accommodations for African-Americans in most areas of life, including education. In Brown, the Supreme Court determined that "separated but equal" wasn't equal, and unfairly branded African-American students as inferior.

The Court recognized, however, that logistics of integration would be difficult to achieve in many school districts, so they set a future date to determine the practical aspects of their earlier ruling. In Brown v. Board of Education (II), 349 US 294 (1955), commonly known as Brown II, the Court ordered the US District Courts to oversee application of the mandate requiring public schools to integrate with "all deliberate speed."

Although most people consider 1954 the year the Court ordered integration, the mandate wasn't handed down until 1955, in the separate, but related, Brown IIcase.

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