It should be deducted from operating activities and should be included in investing activities as dealing with assets is a part of investing activities.
Depreciation expenses
In calculating net cash flow from operating activities using the indirect method, adjustments are made to net income by adding back non-cash expenses such as depreciation and amortization. Additionally, changes in working capital accounts, such as accounts receivable, inventory, and accounts payable, are also considered; increases in current assets are subtracted while decreases are added. Similarly, increases in current liabilities are added, and decreases are subtracted. These adjustments provide a clearer picture of cash generated from operating activities.
When preparing a statement of cash flows using the indirect method, cash flows from operating activities primarily include cash transactions related to the core business operations, such as receipts from customers and payments to suppliers. However, cash flows related to the acquisition or sale of long-term assets, such as property, plant, and equipment, are classified as investing activities, not operating activities. Therefore, any cash flows associated with investing or financing activities should not be included in operating activities on the statement of cash flows.
When a business is calculating its operating costs, it must include fixed costs such as rent, salaries, and utilities, as well as variable costs like raw materials, production expenses, and shipping. Additionally, it should account for indirect costs such as administrative expenses and marketing. Accurate assessment of these costs is crucial for determining profitability and making informed financial decisions.
Unallowable
Get the balance sheet and sererate any financing activities from the operating activities. Financing activities are anything that is interest-bearing like debt, equity investments etc and not part of the business' everyday operations. The reformatted balance sheet should look like this: Operating Activities: Current Assets - Current Liabilities = Net Current Assets + Non Current Assets - Non Current Liabilities = NET OPERATING ASSETS - Financing activities (Net Financial Obligations) = Equity Cash is not an operating asset so the basic equation is: Total Assets - Cash = Operating Assets Total Liabilities - LTD - Current LTD = Operating Liabilities NOA = Operating Assets - Operating Liabilities
ALL income form any source should be considered when calculating income tax.
why should we add indirect taxes and depreciation?
When calculating simple interest, you should first
There are two main types of cash flow statements. The direct method and the indirect method. The direct method is when you start with the opening balance of the bank accounts and show the money in and the money out normally split into categories. The indirect method is where you start off with operating profit and adjust for non cash items so you're left with cash from operations, then you'd show the cash movements from investments, followed by cash movements in balance sheet items such as debtors and creditors. After all that, you should get to the balances on the bank statements.
The ideal ratio of direct and indirect expenses to sales can vary by industry, but a common guideline is that direct expenses (cost of goods sold) should typically be between 60-75% of sales, while indirect expenses (operating expenses) should ideally stay below 30%. Maintaining a favorable balance between these expenses and sales is crucial for profitability. Companies should regularly analyze their ratios to ensure they align with industry standards and adjust their strategies accordingly. Ultimately, the goal is to maximize profit margins while managing costs effectively.
It depends on who you are, in my opinion it should be direct.