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In the US, there is no law requiring that quarterly financial statements be audited.

Financial statement audits are extremely expensive and time-consuming, so there should be some compelling reason for a company to have its financial statements audited.

For the typical US company, the expense of having its financial statements audited is probably not worth any benefit it might receive as a result of the audit, and for US nonpubliccompanies, audits are not required by law. An outsider such as a bank might want to see audited financial statements from a prospective borrower, but even then, audits are so expensive that this would be relatively rare. The company might need another loan just to pay for the audit!

However, publicly owned companies (companies that sell shares of stock to the general public), howver, are required by law to have an annual audit of their financial statements by an independent CPA. This is to help protect the public.

However, not even publicly owned companies are required to have their quarterly financial statements audited. Only their annual financial statements must be audited.

Although public companies must submit quarterly financial report information to the SEC, the first three quarters' financial statements need only be "reviewed" by an independent CPA. A review involves limited testing procedures that are much less in-depth and time-consuming (and expensive) than audit procedures, and this permits the company to submit its financial information to the SEC on a timely basis. However, the fourth quarter report submitted by a public company must include audited financial statements for the entire year.

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