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The "SW" after a sailor's rate/rank title is his/her warfare designator, in this case, SW stands for "Surface Warfare". It means that the sailor has met the qualification requirements to wear the badge and title.

Unless things have changed, Surface Warfare qualification is not mandatory for all personnel aboard, unlike Submarines. The Submarine Force requires all sailors, from the CO to the lowest rank to be Qualified in Submarines, even though it's an all-volunteer force. Those who cannot qualify are subsequently removed from Submarine duty.

The Submarine Warfare designator is "SS", which stands for Submersible Ships, a throwback to the older submarines of WWI and WWII which were really ships that had limited submerged operational capability.

The SW designation came about when the Assistant CNO for Surface Warfare decided that the surface community should have a qualification system similar to submarines; however, it was only instituted for Petty Officers and Officers, and was not a requirement for everyone. The difference in the two is that for submarines, every member must be qualified in all shipboard systems since submarine casualties/damage control is literally a matter of seconds between life and death. Ships have more leeway in a casualty situation.

Other warfare areas have their own designations and badges as well.

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