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The U.S. government shutdowns occur when the U.S. President and one (or both) of the chambers of Congress are controlled by different political parties, and are unable to resolve disagreements over budget allocations. Congress passes spending bills that fund the government. So if it doesn't pass, the government grinds to a halt.

During a shutdown, the government stops providing all services, with the exception of essential services.

Essential services include:

Typically, federal services that continue despite a shutdown include the

National Weather Service

Medical services at federal agencies

USPS

Military

Air traffic control

Correctional facilities

A large number of civilian federal employees are furloughed. Military personnel and essential employees are not furloughed, but may not be paid as scheduled. Members of Congress continue to be paid.

The Office of Management and Budget is tasked with administering the shutdown. In 1995-1996, the government shut down for 27 days, costing the federal government $1.4 billion.

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