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After the President nominates someone to fill a vacancy on the US Supreme Court, the person's background and qualifications are reviewed by the FBI, then by the Senate Judiciary Committee.

The Senate Judiciary Committee holds a hearing to ask the nominee questions about his or her background, judicial record (if applicable), potential conflicts of interest, and whatever else the committee considers appropriate. They may then ask for a written response to follow-up questions.

After the hearing, the Committee decides whether to send the nomination to the floor with a recommendation for approval or rejection, although there have been a few times in history when the Judiciary Committee's vote was split and the nomination went to the floor with no recommendation (Justice Clarence Thomas is the most recent example).

The full Senate may question the nominee or may proceed directly to a vote. If 51% of those Senators present at roll call vote in favor of the nominee, he or she is appointed to the US Supreme Court.

The new justice must take two oaths of office -- the standard oath sworn by all federal officers, and the judicial oath, which is issued only to judges and justices -- before he (or she) may join the bench.

The Supreme Court typically holds a formal investiture ceremony before the new justice begins working cases.

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How are Supreme Court justices selected and appointed in the United States?

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