When you hit the white ball, the kinetic energy created from moving the cue, is transferred to the white ball on contact. This causes the ball to move, and depending on how fast you move the cue, will cause the white ball to move at different velocities.
The cue stick is used to strike the balls. The cue ball used by the players to hit the other balls is the white ball. It is the one they hit with the cue stick.
If you do not hit a ball in pool, it is considered a foul. This means that your opponent will get a chance to place the cue ball anywhere on the table and take their shot.
If you hit your ball and your opponent's ball in pool, it is considered a foul. Your opponent will get a ball in hand, meaning they can place the cue ball anywhere on the table for their next shot.
Hitting the cue ball in is a foul referred to as a scratch. The colored ball does not count under most Rules.
Squirt refers to the deviation of the cue ball's path from the aim line due to using side english. This can impact a pool shot because the cue ball will not be traveling where you are aiming exactly, and so you will not execute the shot as intended. If you are hitting the cue ball with right english (on the right side of the cue ball, as you are looking at it down on the shot), the cue ball will have a tendency to squirt to the left as you stroke through the cue ball. The amount of squirt depends on how far to the right you hit the cue ball (vs a center ball hit on the aim line) and how hard you hit the cue ball.
I believe what you're talking about is a draw shot. It is when the player aims lower than the center of the cue ball with his cue tip. When the cue ball is struck below center, it generates a backward spin. When hit, the cue ball is spinning backward and skipping across the felt to the object ball. The cue ball strikes the object ball and because its momentum stops, the ball catches traction and rolls backwards.
'Hit' just describes the contact between the cue tip and the cue ball. 'Stroke' is used to describe the technique used to hit the cue ball, which includes a players biomechanics. It's possible to attempt a stroke without actually hitting the cue ball.
If you hit the cue ball below the centre, it will cause a spin which will cause it to go in reverse after hitting a ball.
Because it is required to play the various cue sports. All of them involve using the cue ball to hit against the other balls. You cannot hit any other ball directly, so you must use the cue ball and therefore it is needed on the table when you are playing.
In pool, a scratch occurs when the cue ball is pocketed or fails to hit any other ball on the table. When a scratch happens, the player's turn ends, and the opponent gets ball in hand, meaning they can place the cue ball anywhere on the table for their next shot.
A scratch in pool occurs when the cue ball is pocketed or fails to hit any other ball on the table after the cue ball strikes the object ball.
Under most pool game rules, if the cue ball fails to hit the object ball, or it hits and a ball then does not go in a pocket or hit a rail it is a foul. The other player will get ball in hand.