a pardon(like in a general pardon) or amnesty
Yes, the president has the power to pardon someone convicted of treason.
It is not a matter of belief, it is a matter of law.
Yes
Defines treason and the rules for punishment if someone is convicted of treason.
The president can grant clemency to someone convicted of a crime. Clemency can mean the sentence is either shortened or waived for that person. As for compensation for wrongful imprisonment, the president does not give any compensation. Once out of prison, the convicted can sue for compensation, but the president has nothing to do with that.
Yes, a governor has the power to pardon someone, which means they can forgive or excuse a person convicted of a crime and release them from punishment.
If someone is convicted that means they are found guilty of a crime (by jury or judge). After someone is convicted, they are sentenced, which means the judge (usually, sometimes jury) decides what punishment is appropriate. This can happen quite a while after someone is convicted because the court needs to do a presentencing investigation where the guilty party's age, past criminal record, mental health, etc. can be taken into account.
They would most likely be charged with assault. Penalty (if convicted) would depend on the judge.
There is no specific term for someone who makes excuses or alibis. Someone who constantly puts off tasks is a procrastinator.
they are put into prison, obviously. but depending on what they did they can be PUT TO DEATH. the severity of the punishment depends on the severity of the crime
Usually right before they vacate the office.
...as a kind or merciful treatment, moderating the punishment of someone who has committed a crime or transgressed a law or rule.