Any medals, ribbons, or badges they were awarded as an enlisted soldier can be worn as an officer, so long as they're in the same branch. Some branches are selective about which awards from other services they'll permit to be worn on their uniforms.
no
0-1E 2nd LT.
Yes. However, there are certain ribbons or medals that officers do not wear which may have been awarded and worn as a prior enlisted soldier. The good conduct medal is an example; it is assumed, and expected, that all officers are of good character and always display good conduct.
No, it is awarded only to enlisted personnel. If an officer is wearing one, they may have earned it while enlisted, prior to receiving their commission.
11B - infantry. Prior to the reorganization which occurred towards the end of 2001/beginning of 2002, the 11 series Career Management Field consisted of the following infantry MOSs - 11A (Infantry Officer - commissioned officer only), 11B (light infantryman - enlisted), 11C (mortar crewman - enlisted), 11H (anti-armor crewman - enlisted), 11M (mechanized infantryman - enlisted), and 11X (basic trainee/not MOS qualified - enlisted). After the reorganization, the MOS of 11H and 11M were folded into 11B. 11A remains Infantry Officer, and 11C remained in place for mortar team members.
104 medals
As for the Marine Corps I can say no. Once a Marine is commissioned or warranted as an officer, their uniform will change all together. The only thing that will remain the same is his/her ribbons/medals. Even the material of the uniform changes to a more thicker wool type (not sure of is actual make up) material. The "Blood Stripe is thicker on the trousers, the emblems are made a different way and they loose the red piping. In some ways the uniform looses some of the fancy looks and it gains some new ones. As a prior enlisted Marine who turned to the Warrant Officer ranks, I can definitely tell you there is a lot more maintenance that goes into the officer uniform as well as the cost of it. Hope this answers your question.
No. According to the International Olympic Committee, the U.S. has won 2297 medals in the Summer Olympics prior to the start of the 2012 Games. The IOC's stats have the U.S. winning 2187 medals prior to the start of the 2008 Games.
Yes, prior enlisted Soldiers who became officers can be paid more than new officers higher than their rank. For example, in 2012, a new captain in the reserve is paid at 502.84 per drill weekend while a 1LT with 6 years of prior enlisted experiences is paid at 601.28 per drill weekend and a 2LT with 6 years of prior enlisted experience can be paid at 506.68. In the Army, the Chaplain branch has a category called Chaplain Candidate. They are not "official" officers but are on student status because they are still attending seminary. They will have to submit their packages for accession into full chaplaincy after graduation from seminary; but often times, they can be paid much more than newly accessioned chaplains who have no prior enlisted experiences.
to prior the bank
The rank of Warrant Officer 1 (WO1 (W1) was discontinued by the Navy in 1975. The reason was that senior enlisted personnel would actually lose money on their payscale when promoted to WO1, leaving not much of an incentive to advance to the CWO ranks. The Navy now commissions all its CWO beginning with CWO2, and the pay scales have also caught up so that when retiring, it's more than your prior senior enlisted pay would've been.
Up until 2010 (prior to the 2014 games) Scotland has won 91 gold, 104 silver and 160 bronze medals totaling 355 medals.