New Jersey plan
The purpose of the constitution was to link the states into a stronger national or federal government.
Same thing. National is set by the federal. The federal government applies to all 50 states and the policy it sets or passes is national.
The issue addressed by the proposal of the 10th Amendment primarily involved the federal government and the states. The amendment was proposed in response to concerns that the federal government was overstepping its constitutional powers, thereby infringing on states' rights. It aimed to clarify that powers not delegated to the federal government by the Constitution, nor prohibited to the states, are reserved for the states and the people, thus affirming the principle of federalism.
In the United States, federal power is generally considered supreme due to the Supremacy Clause of the Constitution, which establishes that federal law takes precedence over state laws when there is a conflict. However, states retain significant powers, especially regarding matters not explicitly delegated to the federal government. This balance allows states to manage local issues while ensuring a cohesive national framework. Ultimately, the supremacy of federal or state power can vary depending on the legal context and specific issues at hand.
The national government provides money to the states through federal grants.
The fair tax proposal is designed to modify the United States' tax code. It would replace all federal income taxes with a single broad national consumption tax on retail sales of new goods and services.
A federal republic is a form of government in which power is divided between a central authority and individual states or regions, each having its own government. In this system, the national government typically handles matters that affect the entire country, while states manage local issues. Citizens generally elect representatives at both the national and state levels. Examples of federal republics include the United States, Germany, and India.
The national government balances the power of the states.
Federal issues refer to matters that fall under the jurisdiction of the national government, as opposed to state or local governments. These can include areas such as immigration, foreign policy, national defense, and federal taxation. Federal issues often require uniform policies and regulations across all states to ensure consistency and adherence to the Constitution. They can also involve the interplay between federal and state laws, sometimes leading to legal disputes or challenges.
Federalism resolved the issue of national versus states' rights by establishing a system of governance that divides powers between the national and state governments. This framework allows for a balance, where the federal government handles matters of national importance, while states retain authority over local issues. The U.S. Constitution, through its Supremacy Clause, ensures that federal law takes precedence in conflicts, while the Tenth Amendment protects states' rights by reserving powers not explicitly granted to the federal government. This dual sovereignty encourages cooperation and delineates responsibilities, helping to mitigate tensions between national and state interests.
Unfunded mandates states that the federal order that states operate and pay for a program created at the national level. The balance between national powers and state have changed greatly since the Constitution was written.
The power-sharing between a central government and those of the individual states is a federal government.