There are two kinds of options: American-style options and European-style options. American options can be exercised at any time up to the maturity of the option, whereas European options are exercised toward the end of the contract.
Exercising options is done by the option buyer. If the buyer exercises a put, he is selling to the option writer the stock. If a call is being exercised, he is buying the stock from the writer.
In both cases, you will have to provide the stocks to the counterparty if the option is exercised. There are two differences. First is the nature of the option. Calls are exercised when the stock spot price exceeds the call's strike price. Puts are exercised when the stock spot price is below the put's strike price. The other is, if you write a call you don't get to decide whether it gets exercised--the buyer does. If you buy a put, the choice to exercise it is yours.
An option can be exercised at any time before its expiration date.
The exercise limits on stock option contracts refer to the specific timeframe within which the option can be exercised. This means that the option holder must decide to buy or sell the stock within a certain period, typically before the contract expires.
Shares are exercised when an option holder chooses to convert their stock options into actual shares of the underlying stock. This typically involves notifying the issuing company or brokerage firm of the intention to exercise the option, often accompanied by payment of the exercise price per share. Once exercised, the shares are either transferred to the holder’s brokerage account or issued directly, depending on the type of option and the terms of the agreement. The process is usually completed electronically or through a formal exercise notice and payment method.
A European option can only be exercised at the expiration date, while an American option can be exercised at any time before the expiration date.
An American put option can be exercised at any time during its life. The European put option can only be exercised at the end of the contract period.
It depends on why you're writing the call. If you're doing it to make money by collecting the premium, and possibly the payment for the stock if the call is exercised, the tradeoff is you will make money but you might not make as much as you could have by selling the stock on the open market if the spot price of the stock when the option is exercised is higher than the strike price plus the premium. If you're doing it to lock in your profits (or as part of a collar), there really isn't a tradeoff--whether the option is exercised or expires worthless, you still make money on the deal.
A covered call in the money is an options trading strategy where an investor sells a call option on a stock they already own. The call option is considered "in the money" when the stock price is higher than the option's strike price. By selling the call option, the investor collects a premium, but they also agree to sell their stock at the strike price if the option is exercised. This strategy can generate income for the investor while potentially limiting their upside potential if the stock price rises above the strike price.
The main difference between a European option and an American option is the exercise or strike price. In a European option, the option can only be exercised at the expiration date, while in an American option, the option can be exercised at any time before the expiration date.
ESPP is an option given to employees to purchase companys stock out of their after tax wages and salaries at a discounted price. while ESOP is not in lieu of wages/salaries it is in the form of a call option which can be exercised at a predetermined date.
A covered call strategy involves selling a call option on a stock that you already own. This can generate income from the premium received. To effectively implement this strategy, choose a strike price above the current stock price and a timeframe that aligns with your investment goals. Monitor the stock's performance and be prepared to sell the stock if the option is exercised.