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In Plessy v. Ferguson, (1896) the US Supreme Court ruled 7-1 with 1 abstention that the separation of races black and white was legal. It was called "separate but equal," as a way of justifying the supposed equality of it.

It was not equal but stood as the law of the land until the 1954 Brown vs the Board of education of Topeka , Kansas case which overturned separate but equal and required black children to be allowed to go to schools with white children.

Unfortunately many many school districts in the south and elsewhere reacted by creating private school districts, funded by the white citizens and parents, thus preventing the intent of Brown vs Board of education, which was for children of all races to go to school together to further racial "harmony."

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