I think you are thinking of Gerrymandering, but there's more to it. It's not just dividing a geographic area but dividing it into totally absurd shapes to attain the unfair advantage.
Former Vice President Elbridge Gerry was the first person accused of doing so. They said that some of the congressional districts he came up with were shaped like salamanders. Gerry + salamander = Gerrymander.
Politicians gerrymander electoral districts to gain a political advantage. By manipulating the boundaries of the districts, politicians can concentrate the voting power of a particular group or dilute the power of opposing groups. This allows them to solidify their political control and increase the likelihood of winning elections.
These districts are called wards.
Gerrymandering is the practice of manipulating the boundaries of electoral districts to favor one political party or group over another. This is typically done to give one party a favorable advantage in elections by concentrating supporters in certain districts or spreading opponents across others. Gerrymandering can distort democratic representation and hinder fair elections.
gerrymandering
gerrymandering
Gerrymandering.
Gerrymandering...
It caused by a change in a states population, which subsequently makes it necessary to redraw their voting districts. Gerrymaking is when the person that redraws the districts changes them to support a certain political party. They do this by putting certain areas in different districts which will help their party win the elections.
Gerrymander
gerrymandering
Political districts in which candidates elected to the House of Representatives win in close elections, typically with less than 55 percent of the vote. American Government by James Q. Wilson and John J. Dilulio, Jr. Ninth Edition
Gerrymandering affects the fairness of electoral districts by allowing political parties to manipulate boundaries to their advantage, potentially diluting the voting power of certain groups and skewing election outcomes.