A person who is nominated to be a candidate for election is a nominee, although this term is often used interchangeably with candidate. Candidates may also be called incumbents if they are already serving in the office for which they are hoping to be re-elected. The term challengermight also be used for a person who is running against an incumbent.
The person who is in office and seeking re-election is the incumbant electee. If he is likely to get re-elected, he is called a shoo-in.
an office block ballot
the answer is candidate
The ceremony after a person takes office is called an "inauguration."
Nomination is the word you are seeking. It comes from the Latin for "naming"
A candidate
A person is a 'lame duck' if he or she has lost the election (or did not run for a new term) during the time between the election and the swearing in of new office holders.
Governor.
Candidate - Gov NovaNet
Mid-term poll or election is a survey conducted after the election of a person. It is usually before the expiration of one's term of office.
President-elect
A person holding a public office requiring election getting there is called a politician.