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James Garfield's assassination in 1881 highlighted the dangers of the patronage system, where government jobs were awarded based on political connections rather than merit. His death galvanized public opinion against this corruption, leading to increased support for civil service reform. As a result, the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act was enacted in 1883, establishing a merit-based system for federal employment and reducing the influence of political patronage. Garfield's tragic fate thus served as a catalyst for significant changes in how government positions were filled.

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