That's a good question, because by the usual rules of English pronunciation, feather should have a long e sound, and if the word requires a short e sound it should be spelled fether instead. However, the English language is very complicated, and modern concepts of spelling and pronunciation evolved over a long period of time; many earlier concepts were different, and they have been preserved in the form of traditional spelling. Many people believe that English spelling should be reformed to make it more consistent, but so far that has not happened.
Oh, what a lovely question! The word "feather" has a long E sound, like the letter E in the word "bee." Isn't it wonderful how sounds can paint a beautiful picture in our minds? Just remember, there are no mistakes, only happy little accidents in the world of language.
Yes. The E has a short E sound as in net and test.
It is the short e sound
No. The E has a long E sound, as in he, me, and we.
Yes. The E has a short E sound as in rest and bed.
No. It has a short A sound and a short I sound (man-ij). The E has no sound.
No, the word "jet" does not have a short e sound. It is pronounced with a short e sound, as in "eh."
No. There is a short U sound, and the A has a short I sound, but the E is silent.
Yes. The short "e" sound is the "eh" sound. The long E sound is heard in the contraction she'll.
No. There is no E or E sound. The I has a short I sound and the A is a schwa-R (ur).
Yes. It has a short E sound as in bet and let.
Yes, the pronunciation of "seven" includes a short e sound.