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The Compromise of 1850 did not allow any choice in the matter. It reflected the increasing difficulty of creating new slave-states. It was the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 that allowed the people of those two territories to vote on the slavery question. The only time it was tried (in Kansas), it led to terrible bloodshed, and was not tried again. The result was that Kansas rejected slavery.
The topic of the Lincoln-Douglas debates mostly concerned the extension of slavery into the US territories. Douglas believed that the territories should decide for themselves whether or not they wished to have slavery. He felt that power should reside at the local level and should reflect the wishes of the people. Lincoln stated, "A house divided against itself cannot stand." Lincoln believed that slavery must be dealt with as a moral wrong and that only the power of the federal government could extinguish slavery.
the admission of kansas into the union
Potentially, it would upset the balance. The two sides couldn't seem to agree about how to keep the balance. So Stephen Douglas said why not let the people of each new state vote on whether to be slave or free? This could have allowed more slave-states, so the Northern Abolitionists were very alarmed. But Kansas voted firmly against slavery.
The Kansas-Nebraska Act allowed people in certain areas to determine whether or not their territory would allow slavery