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In the U.S.A and in the earlier 13 colonies slave owners gave their slaves Christian names, like Peter, Paul, etc., or names from the classics, and sometimes just regular English names. African slaves were not generally allowed to keep their birth names that they would have been known as prior to being enslaved, because they were very foreign to the owners who did not want slaves with difficult to remember names.

Surnames were often not given to slaves for social reasons. If a slave owner had fathered a child with one of his slaves the child would be considered a slave as well, and the slave owner would usually deny any relation to the child.

When the slaves were emancipated, or when they escaped, in some cases they would adopt the surname of their former master.

NOTE: This answer regards Slavery in the Unites States.

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