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To be readmitted into the Union after the Civil War, Southern states were required to create new state constitutions that abolished slavery and guaranteed civil rights for freedmen. They also had to ratify the 14th Amendment, which granted citizenship and equal protection under the law to all persons born or naturalized in the United States. Additionally, states were often required to hold new elections and establish loyalty to the Union, ensuring that former Confederates could not hold office. The process was overseen by Congress and involved significant federal intervention.

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6d ago

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