The telegraph
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the adoption of the Compromise of 1850
The Proclamation Line of 1763. It came from the treaty between Pontiac and the British government.
The westward Expansion started after the gold rush in 1849.
Westward migration in the United States intensified sectionalism. As more and more people headed west, the need of a faster way to travel grew. Farmers lost workers to the railways being built.
Most freed slaves moved to the north, to urban centers like New York City, Boston, Philadelphia and Chicago. In 1879, there was a huge migration of nearly 20,000 freed slaves to Kansas. The westward migration to California and the western parts of the United States was comprised mostly of white settlers, as the Mexican War ended in 1846 and the gold rush began in 1849, sixteen to twenty years before the end of the Civil War. You can find a number of articles on "Free Black Slave Migration" on the Internet.