No land was purchased, but the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 was passed for the purpose of building the transcontinental railroad. Specifically, it defined the borders for the territory of Nebraska to be broken up into two, Kansas and Nebraska. Kansas would become a state and the railroad would be built through it. The conflict between then-slaveholding South and free-soil North would cause the conflict known as Bloody Kansas, in which a state of near civil war and anarchy ensued. Bloody Kansas occurred because both regions (South, North) wanted a state in their control to send Senators to Congress and lean the balance of power in their favor (at the time, there were an even number of Senators from both regions).
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The Gadsden Purchase
There was an increase in population in the American interior
The Transcontinental Railroad Acts, also known as the Pacific Railroad acts, were acts passed in the early 1860s to encourage the construction of the transcontinental railroad. Construction was incentivized by giving land and bonds to the railroad companies.
To gain land for a Southern transcontinental railroad
The Gadsden Purchase of 1853 purchased land that Mexico had retained under the Mexican Cession. The land south of the Gila River allowed a southern route to Texas, avoiding mountainous terrain.