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President Wilson's 14-point declaration had as its main target the achievement of a peace agreement that would form a solid basis for enduring peace. A major issue was in Wilson's view that Germany should not be humiliated or destabilized; Wilson expected - very rightly, as it turned out some 20 years later - that any severe form of 'punishment' would only feed feelings of resentment and revenge in Germany.

France and Britain however wanted their revenge. They saddled Germany with gigantic 'repair payments' to be made, took away all its colonies and gave large pieces of Germany's territory away to newly-established nations that then forcibly evicted the German inhabitants. When Germany balked at the peace terms, Britain blocked its harbours, causing widespread famine and death amongst the weak (the elderly, sick and children) in the winter of 1919. Basically, in the eyes of most historians France and Britain thus created the conditions that made the rise of Hitler and the Nazi Party possible.

The US wanted no part of France and Britains's peace conditions. It concluded a separate peace agreement with Germany.

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