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It arose out of disputes over the issues of slavery, trade and tariffs, and the doctrine of states' rights. In the 1840s and '50s, Northern opposition to slavery in the Western territories caused the Southern states to fear that existing slaveholdings, which formed the economic base of the South, were also in danger. By the 1850s abolitionismwas growing in the North, and when the antislavery Republican candidate abraham-lincolnwas elected president in 1860, the Southern states seceded to protect what they saw as their right to keep slaves.

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