First of all, there was the looming threat of Indian attacks from nearby tribes. The water was dirty and unhealthy, leading to sickness and often death. Finally, morale was low. There was no trace of the gold they were searching for.
Yeah... I had a test on Jamestown today and it had this question. :)
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The most serious problem in the he early years of Jamestown was that the settlers did not have the pioneering skills needed to survive. They were not used to hard work because most were nobles.
Gentlemen who were unprepared for hard work.
In order for the colony to thrive, Jamestown needed farmers, soldiers and craftsmen. However, the original settlers were English gentlemen unaccustomed to hard labor. The colonists also wasted time searching for gold and silver when they should have been planting crops. As a result, more than half of the settlers were dead within a year.
the "starving time"
There are several factors that led to the high mortality rate of the Jamestown settlers but the following list is a simplified version:Lack of incentive - The lack of incentive among the colonists to complete important tasks led to the tasks not getting done. (Records show that there was ample food in the river [cod] and lumber for housing)Many settlers were "gentlemanly" - Since most of the settlers considered themselves "gentlemanly", they considered the hard work of a settler "beneath" them and consequently did not get most of the basic things needed to survive done.Expectations of finding gold - The expectations of finding gold (and mining it) led to people neglecting things such as gathering food, setting up shelter, etc.Location - The location that the settlers chose to settle in at was great for defending against naval incursions but terrible for living conditions (swampland that had stagnant water, mosquitoes that were attracted to the stagnant water and carried diseases, etc.)Relations with Natives- The relations with the local Native Americans(which were all mistakenly grouped up into the Powhatan Indians) were not as good as they could be; if they had had a better relationship they could have traded for food and/or shelter which could have led to lower mortality rates(apologies if it's wordy)They were not used to the area's climate or its natural resources. (Study Island)