Until aircraft were invented, the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans protected the US. Shore batteries were installed on both sea coasts to protect them from foreign invaders. Aircraft made those batteries obsolete.
Most people would agree that it was James Madison, who wrote many parts of it. George Washington may be the Father of Our Country but James Madison is the Father of the Constitution
I don't believe that Thomas Jefferson ever appeared on a twenty dollar bill. Andrew Jackson has been the portrait on the US twenty dollar bill since 1928. Jefferson does appear on the two dollar bill, and has since 1918 (and also from 1869 to 1874).
Thomas Jefferson's believed that in order to achieve strength in the national government people such as the farmers must be involved in politics. He felt that big businesses would destroy the freedoms that were provided by the US Constitution.
people could have let others believe what they wanted to believe and not try to change them as long as the communists didn't try to force there way on to others.people could have let others believe what they wanted to believe and not try to change them as long as the communists didn't try to force there way on to others.
Marbury v. Madison, 5 US 137 (1803)Yes. Plaintiffs' (Marbury, et al.) attorney, Charles Lee, subpoenaed Jacob Wagner and Daniel Brent, Clerks of the US Department of State. They testified that they were unsure as to which commissions were signed and sealed.Lee also subpoenaed Jefferson's Attorney General, Levi Lincoln, who had been acting Secretary of State for a few days before Madison took office. Lincoln, not Madison, had been in office at the time the justice of the peace commissions disappeared.Lincoln objected to testifying on the constitutional grounds of Executive Privilege and Fifth Amendment protection, but Marshall assured him he wouldn't have to reveal anything confidential or self-incriminating. Lincoln asked for a set of written questions, which he took home to consider overnight.The next day, Lincoln took the stand and responded to limited interrogatory about the status of the missing commissions. Lincoln claimed he did not know whether Madison had ever taken possession of the paperwork, and did not know what had become of it. He acknowledged having seen signed and sealed appointments, but could not recall whether the plaintiffs' names were among them, and did not know, but did not believe, they had been delivered.James Markham Marshall, Chief Justice Marshall's brother, submitted an affidavit through attorney Lee claiming he had taken approximately twelve commissions on March 4, 1801, with the intention of delivering them, but was told riots had broken out in an area to which he was traveling and returned an unknown number to the Secretary of State's office. James claimed to have a signed receipt for the returned papers, but none was produced in court. James Marshall's affidavit was read into the record; he did not give direct testimony.There is no evidence James Marshall had been at the State Department on March 4, but Jefferson refused to provide counsel for Madison's defense (the Executive branch ignored the case), so the issue was unexplored; however, historians question the veracity of the younger Marshall's claims.There were no witnesses for the defense.For more information, see Related Questions, below.
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Jefferson and Madison supported small government control (and a stricter interpretation of the Constituation), while Adams and the Federalists wanted more government power.
the states
Yes, there are also republicans and antifederalists
I make the argument that Madison was never Jefferson's protege. Madison and Jefferson met when they were both members of the Virginia House of Delegates. Madison was the younger of the two but in the course of this relationship he never found himself in a position in which he was learning from Jefferson as a protege does. If you read the earlier papers of Madison his ideas do not differ from his ideas after meeting Jefferson. There is the argument that Madison was a firm believer in a strong federal government in the fashion that Hamilton was but then later is a believer in small government like Jefferson but a closer examination of his philosophy reveals a more consistent character. Like Hamilton, Madison believed throughout his career that a strong union was necessary. Like Jefferson, Madison believed that government required limits that Hamilton thought were hampered a robust national government. Madison believed, before Jefferson went to France, in a Franco-American alliance and encouraged a hesitant Jefferson to become the diplomat to France. He worked with Jefferson in the VA House of Delegates. He worked with Gov. Jefferson as a member of the Counsel of State. He encouraged him to go to France and then to return to America to become the first Sec. of State. He was Jefferson's younger ally. But to be a protege Madison would have had to sit at Jefferson's feet and expect to learn something he did not already know and believe. If anything, Madison was always the steady voice common sense that balanced Jefferson's boundless energy.
Yes! He wanted to intervene as little as possible.
As the co-founders of the Democratic-Republican Party, they believed in State's Rights. Madison did believe in a strong federal government, but that it should also share power with the State Governments. Thomas Jefferson believed in State's Rights as well.
I do not believe there was a republican party until Abe Lincoln. Before that the main competitor of the democrats were the Whigs.
Madison opposed the establishment of a national bank because of his and Jefferson's beliefs that the ability to control commerce did not constitute a right to create a bank. As you know, Jefferson and Madison were Democratic-Republicans, who were set up by Jefferson to strictly follow the Constitution, i.e. if its not spelled out, it falls under the rights of the people & the state rather then the Federal Government. The creation of National Banks was not in the Bill of Rights, which led Jefferson and Madison to believe that, under the 10th Amendment, the right was retained by the people and the states. However, the Constitution promises the Federal Government the ability to control commerce. This led to the major counter-argument from the Federalists. So, part of the reason Madison opposed the Bank was because of Jefferson and Madison's beliefs that the ability to control commerce did not constitute a right to create a bank. However, it is evident through on of Jefferson's famous quotes that this was not the only reason: "I sincerely believe that banking establishments are more dangerous than standing armies." -Thomas Jefferson It only makes sense to me that Madison agreed to and carried on this ideal stated by Jefferson. The exact reasons Jefferson believed this are broad, and I wouldn't know where to start or end. Who was right? That argument is still a valid one (look up opposition to the Federal Reserve). I can tell you who won though; up until Jackson's presidency, the Bank of the United States continued to issue notes.
i believe he participated in giving ideas and possibly wrote it. Jefferson was in France (Ambassador) during the time the committee met in Philly to write the Constitution. While Jefferson agreed with Madison on some issues, he disagreed on others, and was in the anti-Federalist camp.
how did most americans view the french revolution as it unfolded
jefferson believe just governments owe to their people is the Bill of Rights.