Hematology is the branch of medicine that focuses on the study of blood, blood-forming organs, and blood diseases. It involves the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disorders such as anemia, leukemia, and hemophilia. Hematologists analyze blood samples to identify abnormalities in blood cell counts, hemoglobin levels, and clotting factors. Specialized tests like bone marrow biopsies and genetic studies are also used in hematology to further investigate blood disorders.