For the 50 years of the War 499-449 BCE, most of the normal fighting between Greek city-states was diverted to opposing Persian attempts to bring peace to the Eastern Mediterranean.
At the end of the War, Persia gave up and the city-states went back to their normal fighting between each other.
Persian Wars.
The Persian-Greek wars stretched from 499-449 BCE in several phases. There were not two distinct wars.
The Greek city-states were able to return to their usual wars amongst each other, and a series of wars so devastated them that they became an easy mark for a Macedonian takeover.
The Persian army, and the armies of the Greek city-states.
The Greek city-states were freed to go back to their endles wars amongst each other, with horrendous effect on the populace.
The Persian king, and first Sparta then Athens on the Greek side.
The Persian Empire and various combinations of Greek city-states.
To prevent Persian takeover of the Greek cities in Europe as had already happened to the Greek cities in Asia.
Herodotus
449 BCE.
persian wars.
Persia and Greek city-states.