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Rockets work by burning a fuel source. There are liquid engines and solid engines.

Solid rocket engines work just like fireworks. The engine is ignited and the solid fuel inside them burn until they burn out. The thrust caused from the burning fuel is directed out the nozzle of the rocket. That pushed the rocket in the opposite direction.

Liquid fuel engine work in the same way, but they use liquid fuel just like a car does.

One way to think of it is to think of a balloon. A balloon expands because the air pressure inside is pressing against all of the interior of the balloon at the same pressure. When you let go of the end of the balloon, the air is pushing out of the end of the balloon and that action caused the balloon to move in the opposite direction.

For every action there is an equal but opposite reaction.

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