How were the early animations made?

Answer 1

Early animations were created using techniques such as hand-drawn frames, where artists would draw each individual frame on paper, often slightly varying the images to create movement. This was then photographed in sequence to create the illusion of motion. Other methods included stop-motion animation, where physical models were moved in small increments and photographed one frame at a time. The resulting images were played back rapidly to give the effect of continuous movement.