The Greek and Persian armies differed significantly in structure and strategy. The Greek army was primarily composed of citizen-soldiers known as hoplites, who fought in a phalanx formation, emphasizing close combat and discipline. In contrast, the Persian army was a vast and diverse force, often relying on a mix of professional soldiers and local conscripts, equipped with lighter armor and employing cavalry and archers. This fundamental difference in organization and tactics influenced their respective approaches to warfare, with the Greeks favoring cohesion and individual valor, while the Persians utilized their numerical superiority and mobility.
The Persian army, and the armies of the Greek city-states.
The Persian army, and the armies of the Greek city-states.
The combined armies of the Greek city-states.
Persian armies: Mardonius, Datis, Artaphernes. Greek armies: Aristagoras, Pausanias, Xanthippos, Cimon.
Women had no place in either Greek or Persian armies.
The Aegean Sea.
A dozen Greek city-states and the Persian expeditionary force.
The combined armies of about 20 Greek city-states led by Sparta.The combined armies of the southern Greek city-states, led by Sparta.
The Persian expeditionary force plus its Greek allies versus the alliance of southern Greek city-states.
Both had well thought out strategies and military tactics, and large effective armies and fleets. Both relied on amalgamating separate forces. Both had large Greek components to their armies and navies, the Macedonians who were Greek, led a unified Greek army and the Persians paid Greek mercenaries.
The Greek city-states assembled their armies at Plataia the following year (479 BCE) and defeated the Persian army and its Greek allies. Simultaneously the Greek fleet wiped out the remaining Persian fleet holed up at Mykale in Asia minor. That was the end of the invasion.
It was a sea battle - the southern Greek city-state navies versus the Persian navies mainly from Egypt, the Asian Greek cities and Phoenicia.