Armoured infantry (hoplites), light infantry and archers.
The phalanx.
The Persians attacked the Greeks in the Persian war
Its called ''the Persian wars'' or the ''Greco-Persian wars''.
The Greeks prevailing over Persian expansionism gave to the Greeks confidence in their military arms to defeat Persian armies/navies .
The Greeks fought the Persians in the Greco-Persian Wars
The Persian Wars pitted the Persians against the mainland Greeks. Eventually, the Greeks won after defeating the Persians by land and sea in the Second Persian War. Later, the Macedonian Geeks, under Alexander the Great, invaded and conquered the Persian Empire.
The Persian Wars where the Persians fought the Greeks (Greco-Persian Wars)occurred between 499 BC and lasted until 449 BC .
To prevent Persian takeover of the Greek cities in Europe as had already happened to the Greek cities in Asia.
Well yes - they were on one side, the Persians on the other.
By establishing sea superiority, which enabled them to outmanoeuvre Persian land operations and restrict their logistic support.
It would not have changed one iota.
Their infantry warriors wore metal armour, which the Persians did not.
The Persian Wars ended 449 BCE. The Peloponnesian War amongst Greek cities led by Athens and Sparta respectively occurred 431-404 BCE.