A military headdress adorned with ribbons or feathers is often referred to as a "plume" or "feather plume." Such decorations are commonly seen on ceremonial hats like the "shako" or "busby." These embellishments serve both aesthetic and symbolic purposes, representing rank or unit affiliation.
Not all tribes used the headdress that most are familiar with. The headdress was used as a symbol of bravery or deeds, not just in battle or war (although many call them war bonnets). Depending on the tribe, the way the feather was worn and or the type of feather represented the act of bravery. The act of Counting Coup for instance could win you a feather, pointed sideways or straight up: Counting Coup was (for instance) proving you 'could' kill a man in battle, but deciding not to (a very brave thing to do).
They call it a yellow ribbon, but it's not really a ceremony. It's a lot of family briefings and little family events over a two day period. The yellow ribbon was designed to give families information about the upcoming deployment and prepare them for what's to come.
Plume
A hatter
birdy
A Quill
A feather bedder
Quill pen
Ribbon twirling, as you call it, is one of the exercises they do in Rhythmic Gymnastics.
The root of a feather is called the "calamus." It is the hollow shaft at the base of the feather that anchors it to the bird's skin or follicle. The calamus is crucial for the feather's attachment and stability, allowing it to function properly in flight and insulation.
It's Scientific name can be understood by anyone, instead of in that language. For example, Americans can call a ribbon fish Ribbon fish or Lepturacanthus Sava. Italians can call the ribbon fish pesci del nastro or Lepturacanthus Sava.
A rosette is what we call the ribbons you win while horseback riding.