Perceptual level
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The cerebral cortex is the outer layer of the cerebrum, or large brain. It also is where most of the grey matter, i.e. neuronal cell bodies, are found. So you could say that the cerebral cortex covers the white matter of the cerebrum.
Paraneoplastic syndrome is a condition where cancerous cells in your body affect your Central Nervous System - Almost like an autoimmune response to these cells that don't belong. The Paraneoplastic panel can be done on Serum and CSF (Cerebral Spinal Fluid) This Panel includes the following Screens (They are very expensive tests)- Some people have this disorder before cancer or tumor is even found in the body - This disorder is commonly found in people with Small Cell Lung Cancer Neuronal Nuclear Antibody (ANNA) IgG Screen, by IFA Purkinje Cell Antibody, Screen Purkinje Cell Antibody, Titer Neuronal Nuclear Antibody (ANNA) Reflex IFA Titer, IgG Neuronal Nuclear Antibody IgG, Immunoblot Anti-Hu Neuronal Nuclear Antibody IgG, Immunoblot Anti-Ri Neuronal Antibody IgG, Immunoblot Anti-Hu Neuronal Antibody IgG, Immunoblot Anti-Ri Neuronal Antibody IgG, Immunoblot Anti-Yo
Uncontrolled cerebral edema can lead to increased intracranial pressure, which compromises blood flow and oxygen delivery to brain tissue. This can result in neuronal injury or death, potentially causing serious neurological deficits or even death. Additionally, the brain may herniate, leading to further complications and damage in critical areas. Overall, without intervention, the effects of cerebral edema can be catastrophic for brain function.
One example of a genetic disease that affects the cerebral cortex is lissencephaly. This condition is characterized by smooth brain surfaces due to abnormal neuronal migration during development, leading to intellectual disabilities, developmental delays, and seizures. It is often caused by mutations in genes involved in brain development.
The process in which unused neurons atrophy and die is known as neuronal pruning. This occurs primarily during development when the brain eliminates excess neurons and synapses that are not being utilized, thereby optimizing neural connections. Neuronal pruning is crucial for efficient brain function and is influenced by experiences and learning. It helps refine neural circuits to enhance cognitive abilities and overall brain efficiency.
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Clusters of neuronal cell bodies and dendrites in the brain are called nuclei.
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Neuronal dropout refers to the loss of neurons in the brain due to various factors such as aging, neurodegenerative diseases, or injury. This can lead to cognitive decline and impaired brain function. Strategies to promote neuroprotection and neurogenesis can help mitigate neuronal dropout.
A shunting synapse is a type of synapse that primarily functions to inhibit the activity of a neuron rather than to excite it. When neurotransmitters are released at a shunting synapse, they can cause an increase in the conductance of inhibitory ions, effectively "shunting" or reducing the effect of excitatory inputs. This mechanism plays a crucial role in regulating neuronal signaling and maintaining the balance between excitation and inhibition in neural circuits. Shunting synapses are important for processes such as sensory processing and neuronal stability.