Why isn't cellulose easily broken down?

Answer 1

Cellulose isn't easily broken down because of its complex structure, consisting of long chains of glucose molecules linked by beta-1,4-glycosidic bonds, which are resistant to hydrolysis. Additionally, cellulose forms rigid microfibrils that provide structural integrity to plant cell walls, making it difficult for enzymes to access and break it down. Most organisms lack the necessary enzymes, such as cellulases, to efficiently degrade cellulose, which is why it persists in nature. Only certain bacteria, fungi, and protozoa have developed the capability to break down cellulose effectively.