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When Athens' slave miners discovered an ultra-rich lode of silver at the Laurion peninsula and were bent on dividing the proceed amongst the citizens, he persuaded them to invest it instead in a war fleet to resist the looming Persian invasion of the Greek mainland. This fleet became the core of Greek resistance when the Persians finally invaded in 489 BCE.

During that invasion Themisticles convinced the Greek city-states to first defeat the Persian navy to remove their naval threat to the cities. He also devised some cunning tactical moves to win the turning-point battle of Salamis.

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