How do you calculate p-alkalinity?

Answer 1

P-alkalinity, or phenolphthalein alkalinity, is calculated by titrating a water sample with a strong acid (commonly sulfuric or hydrochloric acid) until the pH drops to 8.3. The volume of acid used in the titration is measured and then converted to alkalinity using a specific formula, typically expressed in mg/L as CaCO₃. P-alkalinity primarily represents the concentration of bicarbonate and carbonate ions in the water.