Desalination of saline water primarily involves two methods: distillation and membrane processes. Distillation, including multi-stage flash and reverse osmosis, uses heat to evaporate water, leaving salts behind. Membrane processes, notably reverse osmosis, use semi-permeable membranes to separate salt from water under pressure. Other methods include electrodialysis and nanofiltration, which also aim to remove salts and impurities from seawater or brackish water.
The saline water is NaCl + H2O.
Saline solution
Desalination plants convert sea water into drinking water by distillation.
The scientific name for separating salt from water is "desalination." This process involves removing salt and other impurities from seawater or brackish water to make it suitable for drinking or other uses.
Brackish water (0,05-3% salt), saline water (3-5 % salt), brine (over 5 % salt).
The process you're describing is distillation, though there may be another name for it in the context of desalination. Pure water is distilled off the solution by the sunlight, condenses, then drips into the cup. Solar Distillation, maybe?
The process of separating salt and water is called "evaporation." This involves heating the saltwater solution until the water evaporates, leaving behind the salt in solid form.
Sodium chloride
sodium chloride
Desalination. There are two methods ;- Boiling the salt water to collect the steam and condense it. This is expensive at it involves the costs of heating. Osmosis; the salt water is placed to one side of a semi-permeable membrane. The water molecules are small enough to pass through the membrane, leaving the larger salt molecules behind. This is a much cheaper method as it does NOT involve in the costs of heating. It is the preferred method in dry/arid/desert climates for producing fresh water from sea(salt)-water. In places like Saudi Arabia or Chile(Atacama Desert), desalination plants are usually found in industrial areas adjacent to the coast.
hartmans solution
This is a saline solution.