The most common name for a point of land extending into a body of water is peninsula. Usually a peninsula has water around three of its sides. The Yucatan Peninsula is an example of a peninsula.
Other words that may mean the same are cape, headland, point, and spit. A cape is usually a large point of land that goes into the sea. A headland juts into a bay and has high cliffs. A spit is a sandy point of land extending into a body of water from a beach.
There appears to be a word left out of the question. Assuming this word is "water" ("What is the name given to a body of land with water surrounding it?"), the answer is "island".
Island body of land with water around it
Island body of land with water around it
The name is an island.
an island
island
It is an island.
a island
a fresh water pond
an island
name given to point of land extending into a body of water
a fresh water pond