You mean a 17HMR, well I guess it depends on your definition of shoot...
Yes it'll fire but most certainly the case will expand, split?, some may call it explode. Will the bullet leave the barrel? Maybe certainly not in any controlled fashion. It might turn and jam in the barrel as well and a second shot might be fatal to you. Just a bad idea....
Nooo.
22LR
A Marlin model 60 should only be shot with 22 long rifle ammunition. It should be marked on the barrel or receiver and may say 22LR.
The caliber should be marked on the barrel near the receiver. The Model 39 is a 22LR
50-75 or so
Probabably 22LR. Have it checked by a gunsmith.
Yes it will take 22LR and 22 short
The P-38 in 22LR is the only 22LR pistol made by Walther that looks like a P38
Mosin nagant
100-450 USD or so
175 USD
It all depends on the hit. Some hits, it can. Others, it won't.