No, they are different sizes.
First, it is rifle, not riffle. Second, no, or we would shoot tanks with a rifle. Cannon are more powerful. Finally, depends on the rifle. I have a .22 rifle and a .44 magnum pistol. The pistol is far more powerful than the rifle. I also have a .22 pistol, and a 30-06 rifle. The rifle is far more powerful than the pistol (in THAT example).
A 41 magnum caliber revolver will shoot 410 gauge shotgun shells but is not recommended. The shot will lead the barrel rifling. There are also adaptors you can put in a shotgun that allow you to fire pistol/rifle ammunition.
No, it will not.
If you mean a Remington 512 X Sportsmaster, no. It is for .22 Short, Long, Long rifle cartridges. The .22 magnum is longer, larger in diameter and more powerful.
Yes, however, they may not cycle thru, and need to be loaded one at a time. Chamber will need cleaning after shooting the shorter magnum cartridge.
The Light will only accept and shoot 2 3/4" shells. The Magnum will shoot up to 3" 20ga shells.
No
If has the magnum cylinder it will.
Your rifle should be chambered for .22 Magnum. As such, the chamber is too long and too big for .22 Long Rifle and, if the shell will fire, the case will usually split. Not recommended.
The sizes of shells it accepts will be stamped on the barrel
No. .22 Magnum and .22 Long Rifle are not interchangeable.
In a .44 Magnum revolver, yes. In a semi-automatic .44 Magnum (such as the Desert Eagle), no.